How Piankoff Used Color Photography to Capture the Pyramid of Unas Texts: Download His Book as a PDF
Piankoff The Pyramid Of Unas Pdf Download scrabble sextoon ind
If you are interested in ancient Egyptian history and culture, you may have heard of the Pyramid of Unas, which is one of the oldest pyramids with texts inside. These texts, known as the Pyramid Texts, are a collection of spells and prayers for the afterlife of the king who was buried there. They reveal a lot about the religious beliefs and practices of ancient Egyptians.
Piankoff The Pyramid Of Unas Pdf Download scrabble sextoon ind
One of the most comprehensive translations and commentaries on these texts was done by Alexandre Piankoff, a Russian-born Egyptologist who worked for the Bollingen Foundation, a non-profit organization that supported research and publication in various fields of humanities. He published his work in 1968 as part of the Bollingen series, which included many other books on Egyptian religious texts and representations.
If you want to read Piankoff's book, you may wonder how you can download it as a PDF file. The book is out of print and hard to find in physical libraries, but you can use some online sources that offer access to digital copies. However, you need to be careful about the quality and safety of the file before downloading it.
But what about scrabble sextoon ind? What does it have to do with anything? The answer is nothing. It is a nonsensical phrase that has no connection to the topic. It may be a result of a typo, a prank, or a spam attempt. You should ignore it and focus on the relevant information about the pyramid and the book.
What is the Pyramid of Unas and why is it important?
The Pyramid of Unas is located in Saqqara, near Cairo, Egypt. It was built around 2350 BC for Unas, the last king of the Fifth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom. The pyramid is relatively small, measuring about 57 meters on each side and 43 meters high. It has a complex system of chambers and corridors inside, including a burial chamber, a serdab (a hidden chamber with a statue of the king), and a sarcophagus.
What makes the pyramid unique and important is that it is the oldest known pyramid with texts inside. These texts, known as the Pyramid Texts, are a collection of spells and prayers for the afterlife of the king. They are written in hieroglyphs on the walls and ceilings of the chambers and corridors. They cover a variety of topics, such as the creation of the world, the role of the gods, the journey of the soul, the protection from enemies, and the resurrection of the body.
The Pyramid Texts are considered to be one of the oldest religious texts in the world. They reveal a lot about the religious beliefs and practices of ancient Egyptians, especially their conception of death and the afterlife. They also show how the king was seen as a divine being who had a special relationship with the gods and who could ascend to the sky and join them.
The Pyramid of Unas is the oldest known pyramid with texts inside
The Pyramid Texts were not exclusive to Unas. They were also used by his successors in the Sixth Dynasty and later by some kings of the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom. However, Unas's pyramid is the first one where they appear, making it the oldest known example of this type of text.
The reason why Unas was the first king to have texts in his pyramid is not clear. Some scholars suggest that it was because he wanted to assert his authority and legitimacy at a time when the central power was weakening and local governors were becoming more independent. Others suggest that it was because he wanted to ensure his survival and protection in the afterlife, which was becoming more uncertain and dangerous due to social and political changes.
Whatever the reason, Unas's innovation had a lasting impact on Egyptian culture and history. The Pyramid Texts became a source of inspiration and influence for later religious texts, such as the Coffin Texts (which were written on coffins and sarcophagi) and the Book of the Dead (which were written on papyri and placed in tombs).
The texts are a collection of spells and prayers for the afterlife of the king
The Pyramid Texts consist of about 750 spells or utterances, each with a number and a title. They are not arranged in a logical or chronological order, but rather according to their location in the pyramid. Some spells are repeated several times in different places, while others are unique to one spot.
The texts are addressed to various gods, such as Osiris, Re, Horus, Anubis, Thoth, Isis, Nephthys, and others. They also mention some mythical figures, such as Geb (the earth god), Nut (the sky goddess), Shu (the air god), Tefnut (the moisture goddess), Atum (the creator god), and Sokar (the god of the underworld).
The main purpose of the texts is to ensure that Unas will have a successful transition from death to eternal life. They ask for various things, such as:
Opening his mouth so that he can speak and eat
Preserving his body from decay and damage
Protecting him from enemies and dangers
Providing him with offerings and provisions
Guiding him through the underworld and its gates
Helping him ascend to the sky and join the gods
Giving him power and authority over other beings
Making him immortal and glorious
The texts also express some beliefs about Unas's nature and identity. They claim that he is:
A son or brother of various gods
A manifestation or incarnation of various gods
A king or ruler of various realms
A star or constellation in the sky
A bull or falcon on earth
A serpent or crocodile in the water
The texts reveal the religious beliefs and practices of ancient Egyptians
The Pyramid Texts are not only a source of information about Unas and his afterlife, but also about the ancient Egyptian religion and culture in general. They reflect some of the main aspects of their worldview, such as:
The belief in many gods and goddesses, each with their own attributes and domains
The belief in a cyclical and eternal order of nature, represented by the sun, the moon, the stars, the seasons, and the Nile
The belief in a complex and multi-layered cosmos, consisting of the earth, the sky, the underworld, and various other realms
The belief in a dualistic and complementary principle of opposites, such as life and death, order and chaos, light and dark, male and female
The belief in a close connection between humans and animals, plants, and minerals
The belief in magic and symbolism as a way of influencing reality and communicating with the divine
The belief in a moral and ethical code of conduct, based on justice, truth, balance, and harmony
The Pyramid Texts also show some of the religious practices and rituals that ancient Egyptians performed, such as:
Offering food, drink, incense, flowers, and other items to the gods and the dead
Reciting prayers, hymns, praises, laments, and curses to the gods and the dead
Performing ceremonies and festivals to celebrate or commemorate important events or occasions
Using amulets, talismans, statues, images, symbols, and signs to represent or invoke the gods and the dead
Wearing masks, costumes, jewelry, makeup, and other adornments to imitate or honor the gods and the dead
Playing music, singing songs, dancing dances, telling stories, and creating art to express or entertain the gods and the dead
Following rules and regulations regarding purity, cleanliness, dress code, dietary restrictions, and taboo subjects
Who is Alexandre Piankoff and how did he translate the texts?
Alexandre Piankoff was a Russian-born Egyptologist who lived from 1897 to 1966. He studied at the University of St. Petersburg and became an expert on ancient Egyptian language and literature. He participated in several archaeological expeditions in Egypt and Sudan. He also worked as a curator at the Hermitage Museum in Leningrad.
In 1939, he left Russia because of the political situation and moved to France. There he met C. G. Jung, a famous Swiss psychologist who founded the Bollingen Foundation, a non-profit organization that supported research and publication in various fields of humanities. Jung invited Piankoff to join his foundation and offered him financial support for his work on Egyptian religious texts.
Piankoff spent several years studying and photographing the texts in the Pyramid of Unas. He used a special technique called color photography, which allowed him to capture the details and colors of the hieroglyphs more clearly than black-and-white photography. He also consulted with other scholars and experts on various aspects of the texts.
He published his translation and commentary in 1968 as part of the Bollingen series, which included many other books on Egyptian religious texts and representations. His book was titled The Pyramid of Unas: Texts Translated with Commentary. It contained an introduction, a transcription of the hieroglyphs, a translation into English, a commentary on each spell, a glossary, a bibliography, and 70 plates with color photographs.
Piankoff's book was praised by many reviewers for its accuracy, clarity, comprehensiveness, and originality. It was considered to be one of the best works on the Pyramid Texts ever published. It was also one of the last works that Piankoff completed before his death in 1966.
Alexandre Piankoff was a Russian-born Egyptologist who worked for the Bollingen Foundation
Alexandre Piankoff was born in St. Petersburg, Russia, in 1897. He came from a wealthy and cultured family. His father was a banker and his mother was a painter. He had a brother and a sister. He showed an early interest in languages and literature. He learned French, German, English, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and Arabic. He also studied music and played the piano.
He attended the University of St. Petersburg and studied Egyptology under Vladimir Golenishchev, one of the leading experts on ancient Egyptian culture. He graduated in 1921 with a thesis on the Book of the Dead. He then joined Golenishchev's archaeological expedition to Egypt and Sudan, where he excavated several tombs and temples. He also visited other sites, such as the Valley of the Kings, the Temple of Karnak, and the Pyramid of Unas.
He returned to Russia in 1924 and became a curator at the Hermitage Museum in Leningrad. He was in charge of the Egyptian collection, which included many artifacts that Golenishchev had acquired or donated. He also continued his research and published several articles and books on ancient Egyptian language and literature.
In 1939, he left Russia because of the political situation and moved to France. There he met C. G. Jung, a famous Swiss psychologist who founded the Bollingen Foundation, a non-profit organization that supported research and publication in various fields of humanities. Jung invited Piankoff to join his foundation and offered him financial support for his work on Egyptian religious texts.
He spent several years studying and photographing the texts in the pyramid
Piankoff's main project for the Bollingen Foundation was to study and translate the texts in the Pyramid of Unas. He considered these texts to be one of the most important sources of ancient Egyptian religion and culture. He wanted to make them accessible and understandable to modern readers.
He visited Egypt several times between 1946 and 1956. He spent many hours inside the pyramid, examining and photographing the texts on the walls and ceilings. He used a special technique called color photography, which allowed him to capture the details and colors of the hieroglyphs more clearly than black-and-white photography. He also used artificial lighting and mirrors to enhance the visibility of the texts.
He took over 2000 photographs of the texts, covering every inch of the pyramid's interior. He also made drawings and notes of the texts, recording their location, orientation, size, shape, style, condition, and meaning. He compared his photographs and notes with those of previous explorers and scholars who had visited or studied the pyramid.
He published his translation and commentary in 1968 as part of the Bollingen series
Piankoff spent many years working on his translation and commentary on the texts in the Pyramid of Unas. He consulted with other scholars and experts on various aspects of the texts, such as their grammar, vocabulary, syntax, semantics, symbolism, mythology, history, and theology. He also studied other sources of ancient Egyptian religious texts and representations, such as the Coffin Texts, the Book of the Dead, the Amduat, the Book of Gates, and various tombs, temples, and monuments.
He published his work in 1968 as part of the Bollingen series, which included many other books on Egyptian religious texts and representations. His book was titled The Pyramid of Unas: Texts Translated with Commentary. It contained an introduction, a transcription of the hieroglyphs, a translation into English, a commentary on each spell, a glossary, a bibliography, and 70 plates with color photographs.
Piankoff's book was praised by many reviewers for its accuracy, clarity, comprehensiveness, and originality. It was considered to be one of the best works on the Pyramid Texts ever published. It was also one of How can you download the PDF version of Piankoff's book?
If you want to read Piankoff's book, you may wonder how you can download it as a PDF file. The book is out of print and hard to find in physical libraries, but you can use some online sources that offer access to digital copies. However, you need to be careful about the quality and safety of the file before downloading it.
One of the online sources that you can use is Anna's Archive, which is a search engine of shadow libraries: books, papers, comics, magazines, and more. It allows you to search for various titles and formats, and provides links to different websites where you can download them. It also shows some information about the file, such as the size, the date, and the number of downloads.
To download Piankoff's book from Anna's Archive, you need to follow these steps:
Go to https://annas-archive.org/ and type Piankoff The Pyramid Of Unas in the search box.
Select the option Non-Fiction from the drop-down menu and click Search.
You will see a list of results with different titles and formats. Look for the one that says The Pyramid of Unas: Texts translated with commentary and has a PDF icon next to it.
Click on the title and you will see a page with more details about the file. You will also see several options for downloading it, such as Libgen.rs, Anonymous Mirror #1, Anonymous Mirror #2, Libgen.li, IPFS Gateway #1, IPFS Gateway #2, IPFS Gateway #3, and Z-Library on Tor.
Select one of the options and click on it. You will be redirected to another website where you can download the file. Depending on the option you choose, you may need to click on another button or link that says GET, Download, or something similar.
The file will start downloading to your device. You may need to wait for a few seconds or minutes depending on your internet speed and the size of the file.
Once the file is downloaded, you can open it with any PDF reader program or app and enjoy reading Piankoff's book.
Note that all download options have the same file, and should be safe to use. That said, always be cautious when downloading files from the internet. For example, be sure to keep your devices updated, scan the files for viruses or malware, and avoid clicking on suspicious links or pop-ups.
The book is out of print and hard to find in physical libraries
Piankoff's book was published in 1968 by Princeton University Press as part of the Bollingen series, which included many other books on Egyptian religious texts and representations. The book was printed in a limited number of copies and was not widely distributed or marketed. It was mainly intended for academic and scholarly audiences who were interested in Egyptology and ancient religions.
The book soon became out of print and hard to find in physical libraries. Only a few copies were available in some specialized or prestigious libraries around the world, such as the Library of Congress, the British Library, the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, and the Hermitage Museum. Even if you had access to these libraries, you would need to request or reserve the book in advance and follow some rules and regulations regarding its use.
The book also became very expensive and rare in the second-hand market. Only a few copies were offered for sale by some collectors or dealers who charged high prices for them. For example, one copy was listed for sale on Amazon for $3,231 in 2022.
You can use online sources such as Anna's Archive or Open Library to access the PDF file
If you want to read Piankoff's book without spending a lot of money or time, you can use some online sources that offer access to digital copies of the book. These sources are usually called shadow libraries, which are websites or networks that provide free or low-cost access to books, papers, comics, magazines, and other materials that are otherwise hard to obtain legally or physically.
One of the online sources that you can use is Anna's Archive, which is a search engine of shadow libraries: books, papers, comics, magazines, and more. It allows you to search for various titles and formats, and provides links to different websites where you can download them. It also shows some information about the file, such as the size, the date, and the number of downloads.
Another online source that you can use is Open Library, which is a project of the Internet Archive, a non-profit organization that preserves and provides access to digital content. It is an online catalog of books that aims to create a web page for every book ever published. It also allows you to borrow or read some books online for free or for a small fee.
To access Piankoff's book from Open Library, you need to follow these steps:
Go to https://openlibrary.org/ and type Piankoff The Pyramid Of Unas in the search box.
Select the option Books from the drop-down menu and click Search.
You will see a list of results with different titles and formats. Look for the one that says The pyramid of Unas and has a picture of the book cover next to it.
Click on the title and you will see a page with more details about the book. You will also see several options for accessing it, such as Borrow, Read, Buy, or Want.
Select one of the options and follow the instructions. Depending on the option you choose, you may need to creat